Recognizing Sanitation Swamp in Indonesia

Sanitation should be made accessible to everyone. Until 2019, 4.2 billion people (55% of the global population) lacked access to safely managed sanitation services. Social and political issues are believed to be the main barrier to sanitation sector progress. Many developing countries, including Indonesia, tried to improve sanitation service provision coverage through decentralization. Indonesia went through decentralization reform in 2001, transferring the responsibility to the local government. Jakarta is the local government that is studied in this research. This research aims to describe and understand *how do the interactions among various actors influence sanitation service provision in Jakarta*. We apply the Network of Adjacent Action Situation (NAAS) framework. PD PAL Jaya, who ensure sanitation service performance, and DKIJ Water Resource Agency (DSDA), who ensure sanitation service development are the spearhead in sanitation service provision in Jakarta. Additional to these two stakeholders, there are a few executive agencies that are essential in improving sanitation service provision. Based on current analysis, interactions among various actors are found to prolong sanitation service improvement in Jakarta but still result in improvement.