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Extra-/ terrestrial Architecture

Extra-/ terrestrial Architecture is concerned with the development of design to construction approaches by transferring advanced technologies from terrestrial to extraterrestrial applications and vice versa. The focus is on the integration of advanced computational design with robotic techniques in order to produce highly performative architectural formations operating in a range of extreme to moderate environments. This requires that the design is directly linked to building production and operation relying on Design-to-Robotic-Production-Assembly & -Operation methods developed in collaboration with experts from computer, robotic, and material sciences in the Robotic Building lab. Moon Station competition project implemented with MSc 2 students (2024) Extra-/ terrestrial Architecture incorporates robotic i.e., sensor-actuator mechanisms that enable buildings to interact with their users and surroundings in real-time. Their conceptualisation and materialisation process requires Design-to-Robotic-Production-Assembly and -Operation (D2RPA&O) chains that link design to construction and operation of buildings. In this context, design becomes process- instead of object-oriented, use of space becomes time- instead of program-based, which implies that architects design increasingly processes, while users operate multiple time-based architectural configurations meeting changing environmental and user needs. In this context, D2RPA&O relies on interactions between human and non-human agents. While D2RP links design to robotic materialisation by integrating all (from functional and formal to structural) requirements in the design of building components and buildings, D2RA integrates robots into the AI and Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) supported robotic assembly of components, and D2RO integrates robotic systems into building components in order to facilitate spatial and environmental reconfiguration. Together they establish the framework for robotic construction and operation at building scale. The main consideration is that the architecture and building construction of the future employ materials and components that are robotically processed, assembled, and operated. Such materials and components rely on in-situ resource utilization as well as discretized and circular design that facilitate the creation of highly performative customizable architectural structures based on combinatorial design of discrete components that have a reduced environmental impact due to the re-/ use of local resources. Discretized design of a node and its assembly using CV and HRI implemented with MSc 2 students (2022) Education in Extra-/ terrestrial Architecture is linked with research implemented in the Robotic Building (RB) lab in collaboration with experts from computer, robotic, and material sciences. Research projects such as (1) Rhizome 2.0 funded by European Space Agency (ESA) and Vertico, (2) ArchiSpace funded as Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action (MSCA), which is part of the European Union's flagship funding programme for doctoral education and postdoctoral training of researchers, and (3) Moonshot and Moonshot+ funded by TU Delft Robotics and Space Institutes, Erasmus+, and various inter-/ national partners, are providing the framework for the extraterrestrial context. Furthermore, project (4) Discretized and Circular Design funded by the NL government as part of the sector plans for scientific research and university education as well as various academic partners such as RMIT and U Antwerp, provides the framework for the terrestrial context, however, both contexts are deeply intertwined as robotic, discretized, and circular approaches are relevant for both. The intertwined nature of Extra-/ terrestrial Architecture is reflected in the MSc 2-4 courses, Interactive Architecture Prototypes and the interfaculty graduation Moonshot+ Lunar Architecture and Infrastructure , which facilitate both on and off-Earth explorations, while taking constraints of respective contexts into account. The goal is to prepare future architects for the challenges of the 21st century, while acknowledging that ±50% of all tasks are expected to be automated, ±45% HRI-supported, and only ±5% remain in human hands. Movie showcasing discretised wood-based architecture (2022) Dr. Dipl.-Ing. H.H. (Henriette) Bier H.H.Bier@tudelft.nl Secretariat Nathalie Bout +31 (0)15 278 93 12 N.Bout@tudelft.nl 01.Oost.700 Andrea Degenhardt +31 (0)15 278 41 92 A.K.Degenhardt@tudelft.nl 01.Oost.700

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How storm surge barriers can keep the Netherlands safe and liveable

A safe and liveable delta, who doesn't go for that? Storm surge barriers play a crucial role in this. Yet there are many choices to be made in the short term to keep the storm surge barriers in a good condition, to eventually cope with rising sea levels in the longer term. A new project receives funding from NWO for five years to explore the best routes to a liveable delta. Storm surge barriers, like the Maeslantkering and the Oosterscheldekering are essential for protecting the Netherlands from high water coming in from the sea. How long will these imposing structures remain effective bearing in mind sea level rise, decay of the structures and an altering surrounding area. In the short term, decisions will have to be taken on maintenance, while in the longer term, adaptation or replacement should be considered. Linking storm surge barriers with the delta Within the SSB-Δ (storm surge barrier delta) project, a diverse consortium will investigate under what circumstances storm surge barriers can keep the Netherlands safe and liveable. The consortium consists of the universities of Delft, Utrecht, and Rotterdam; the universities of applied sciences of Rotterdam and Zeeland; knowledge institutes Deltares and TNO, as well as Rijkswaterstaat, water boards and companies. Bram van Prooijen, associate professor at TU Delft, will lead the research: “Decisions on flood defences are important for the entire delta. The link between the hinterland and the flood defences needs to be made properly. During this project, we will have the opportunity to bring different areas of expertise together and strengthen each other.” Long term perspective Therefore, the research is not only about the technical lifespan of the barriers. It will also clarify how the delta is going to change and how society thinks about it, resulting in a guideline to on how and when decisions need to be taken in the short term, with a long term perspective. Van Prooijen cites an example of car maintenance: “Think of replacing the engine block. This is very expensive maintenance, but sometimes necessary to keep the car running safely. But is it worth the investment if you plan to buy a new car next year? Or if you prefer to travel by train? Important choices will have to be made for storm surge barriers. We want to provide a strong basis for that.” Informed decisions The project will reveal the possible pathways to a liveable delta, and how storm surge barriers fit into that. Van Prooijen: “That offers clarity, to make quick and better-informed decisions. Many trials run for a long time, with the outcome of this research we can decide which trials specifically are the best option to proceed with.” Future experts One of the storm surge barriers involved in the research is the Maeslantkering. This barrier is expected to last another fifty years or so. That may seem far away, Van Prooijen reasons, “but we need to train the experts who will decide on this now. Those are probably the PhD students on this project.”

Researchers hand over Position Paper to Tweede Kamer

On behalf of the TU Delft PowerWeb Institute, researchers Kenneth Brunninx and Simon Tindemans are handing over a Position Paper to the Dutch Parliament on 14 November 2024, with a possible solution to the major grid capacity problems that are increasingly cropping up in the Netherlands. The Netherlands is unlikely to meet the 2030 climate targets, and one of the reasons for this is that large industry cannot switch to electricity fast enough, partly because of increasingly frequent problems around grid capacity and grid congestion. In all likelihood, those problems will actually increase this decade before they can decrease, the researchers argue. The solution offered by the TU Delft PowerWeb Institute researchers is the ‘flexible backstop’. With a flexible backstop, the current capacity of the power grid can be used more efficiently without sacrificing safety or reliability. A flexible backstop is a safety mechanism that automatically and quickly reduces the amount of electricity that an electric unit can draw from the grid (an electric charging station or a heat pump) or deliver (a PV installation). It is a small device connected or built into an electrical unit, such as a charging station or heat pump, that ‘communicates’ with the distribution network operator. In case of extreme stress on the network, the network operator sends a signal to the device to limit the amount of power. Germany recently introduced a similar system with electric charging stations. The backstop would be activated only in periods of acute congestion problems and could help prevent the last resort measure, which is cutting off electricity to users. ‘Upgrading the electricity network remains essential, but in practice it will take years. So there is a need for short-term solutions that can be integrated into long-term planning. We, the members of the TU Delft PowerWeb Institute, call on the government, network operators and regulator to explore the flexible backstop as an additional grid security measure,’ they said. The entire Paper can be read here . Kenneth Brunninx Associate Professor at the Faculty of Engineering, Governance and Management, where he uses quantitative models to evaluate energy policy and market design with the aim of reducing CO2 emissions. Simon Tindemans is Associate Professor in the Intelligent Electrical Power Grids group at Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science. His research interests include uncertainty and risk management for power grids. TU Delft PowerWeb Institute is a community of researchers who are investigating how to make renewable energy systems reliable, future proof and accessible to everyone.